Subscription-Based eCommerce

Description: Customers pay a recurring fee for regular delivery or access. Platform Examples: Netflix, Amazon Prime, Dollar Shave Club, Blue Apron Products/Services: Digital content, meal kits, razors, vitamins, SaaS Features: Auto-renewals Custom delivery schedules Flexible subscription plans Advantages: Predictable revenue High customer retention Challenges: Churn management Requires consistent value delivery

D2C – Direct to Consumer

Description: Manufacturers or brands sell directly to end-users, without retailers. Platform Examples: Nike.com, Casper, Warby Parker Products/Services: Fashion, beauty, wellness, tech accessories Features: Brand-owned platform Deep customer engagement Personalized packaging & marketing Advantages: Higher margins Full control of brand and experience Challenges: Requires investment in marketing & logistics Need to [Read more]

B2G / B2A – Business to Government/Administration

Description: Businesses sell to governments or public sector organizations. Platform Examples: Government procurement portals (e.g., GeM in India, SAM.gov in the USA) Products/Services: Infrastructure, defense systems, consulting, IT solutions Features: Compliance with government standards Bidding/tender systems Legal and regulatory oversight Advantages: Large contracts, high credibility Challenges: Long approval cycles Bureaucracy

C2B – Consumer to Business

Description: Individuals provide products or services to businesses. Platform Examples: Fiverr, Upwork, Shutterstock, Freelancer Products/Services: Freelancing, photography, reviews, user-generated content Features: Reverse auctions Freelancer portfolios Rating/review systems Advantages: Flexible work models Businesses get niche talent Challenges: High competition among sellers Price undercutting

C2C – Consumer to Consumer

Description: Individuals sell to other individuals via a third-party platform. Platform Examples: eBay, Etsy (for handmade), Craigslist, OLX Products/Services: Used goods, collectibles, handmade items Features: Peer-to-peer transactions Buyer and seller profiles Payment and delivery mediation Advantages: Low entry barrier Community-driven Challenges: Trust and fraud risks Quality inconsistency

B2B – Business to Business

Description: One business sells to another (wholesalers, manufacturers, service providers). Platform Examples: Alibaba, Grainger, Amazon Business Products/Services: Raw materials, bulk goods, industrial machines, SaaS tools Features: Custom pricing (bulk discounts) Account-based pricing Quotation system Long-term contracts Advantages: Larger order volumes Long-term client relationships Challenges: Complex negotiations Slower sales cycles

B2C – Business to Consumer

Description: The most common model; businesses sell directly to individual customers. Platform Examples: Amazon, Walmart, H&M, Target Products/Services: Clothes, electronics, furniture, food, online courses Features: User-friendly UI/UX Shopping cart, fast checkout Personalized recommendations Reviews and ratings Advantages: Wide market reach Easier to scale online Challenges: High competition Requires strong branding [Read more]